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library_name: transformers
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---
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# Model Card for
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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## Model Details
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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### Direct Use
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### Downstream Use
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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### Training Procedure
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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#### Factors
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#### Metrics
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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## Environmental Impact
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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## Glossary [optional]
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## More Information [optional]
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## Model Card Contact
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---
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- clinical
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- healthcare
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- NLP
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- BERT
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- MIMIC-IV
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- MedNLI
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- transformer
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language:
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- en
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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base_model:
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- mosaicml/mosaic-bert-base
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model-index:
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- name: ClinicalMosaic
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results:
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- task:
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type: classification
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dataset:
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name: MedNLI
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type: MedNLI
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metrics:
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- name: Accuracy
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type: accuracy
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value: 86.5
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license: mit
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datasets:
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- bigbio/mednli
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pipeline_tag: fill-mask
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# Model Card for Clinical Mosaic
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Clinical Mosaic is a transformer-based language model built on the Mosaic BERT architecture. It has been optimized for clinical language understanding by incorporating recent innovations such as Attention with Linear Biases (ALiBi) for long‐sequence extrapolation and Gated Linear Units (GLU) to capture complex clinical patterns. The model is pre-trained on 331,794 deidentified clinical notes from the MIMIC-IV-NOTES 2.2 database and demonstrates strong performance on clinical reasoning tasks.
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## Model Details
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- **Developed by:** Sifal Klioui, Sana Sellami, and Youssef Trardi (Aix-Marseille Univ, LIS, CNRS, Marseille, France)
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- **Funded by:** PICOMALE project (AMIDEX)
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- **Base Model:** Mosaic BERT
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- **License:** MIMIC Data Use Agreement (requires compliance with original DUA)
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- **Repository:** [PatientTrajectoryForecasting](https://github.com/MostHumble/PatientTrajectoryForecasting)
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- **Paper:** *Patient Trajectory Prediction: Integrating Clinical Notes with Transformers* ([PDF](insert-link))
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## Uses
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### Direct Use
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Clinical Mosaic can be used directly as a clinical language model for:
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- Natural language inference and clinical reasoning tasks.
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- Serving as a backbone for further fine-tuning on clinical NLP applications (e.g., clinical note summarization, diagnosis classification).
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### Downstream Use
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The model can be integrated into larger systems for tasks such as patient trajectory prediction or decision support, provided that additional fine-tuning and rigorous validation are performed.
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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- **Clinical Decision-Making:** The model is for research use only and should not be deployed for direct patient care without further validation and regulatory approval.
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- **Medical Advice Generation:** It is not intended to replace expert clinical judgment.
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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Clinical Mosaic was pre-trained on deidentified clinical notes from MIMIC-IV-NOTES 2.2—a dataset from a single U.S. institution. This may introduce biases related to local clinical practices and patient demographics. Although extensive care was taken to deidentify data and prevent PHI leakage, users must ensure that the model is not used to inadvertently reidentify sensitive information. When applying the model to new populations or clinical settings, performance may vary, so further fine-tuning and bias audits are recommended.
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### Recommendations
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- **Text Normalization Consistency:** Any input text must undergo identical preprocessing as applied during training
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- **Evaluation:** Users should evaluate the model’s performance on their target population.
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- **Fine-Tuning:** Consider additional fine-tuning or domain adaptation if deploying in a different clinical context.
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- **Bias Audits:** Regularly perform bias audits to monitor for potential disparities in performance.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Install the Hugging Face Transformers library and load the model as follows:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("path/to/clinical-mosaic")
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("path/to/clinical-mosaic")
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```
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Further instructions and example scripts are provided in the model’s repository.
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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- **Data Source:** 331,794 clinical notes from the MIMIC-IV-NOTES 2.2 dataset.
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- **Preprocessing:**
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- Following (Alsentzer et al., 2019), clinical notes were preprocessed by unifying medical abbreviations (e.g., “hr”, “hrs” to “hours”), removing accents, converting special characters, and normalizing text to lowercase. These steps help mitigate variations caused by subword tokenizers.
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- For additional details, please refer to the [PatientTrajectoryForecasting GitHub repository](https://github.com/MostHumble/PatientTrajectoryForecasting/).
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### Training Procedure
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- **Setup:** Distributed training using 7 NVIDIA A40 GPUs.
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- **Hyperparameters:**
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- **Effective Batch Size:** 224
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- **Training Steps:** 80,000
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- **Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
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- **Optimizer:** ADAMW
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- **Initial Learning Rate:** 5e-4
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- **Learning Rate Schedule:** Linear warmup for 33,000 steps, followed by cosine annealing for 46,000 steps (final LR 1e-5)
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- **Masking Probability:** 30%
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## Evaluation
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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The model was evaluated on the MedNLI dataset, which comprises 14,049 clinical premise-hypothesis pairs derived from MIMIC-III notes.
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#### Factors
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Evaluation disaggregated performance across clinical language understanding, with a focus on natural language inference.
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### Results
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Clinical Mosaic outperformed comparable models:
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- **BERT:** 77.6%
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- **BioBERT:** 80.8%
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- **Clinical Discharge BERT:** 84.1%
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- **Bio+Clinical BERT:** 82.7%
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- **Clinical Mosaic:** **86.5%**
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These results indicate improved clinical reasoning and language understanding.
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#### Summary
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The model demonstrates robust performance on clinical natural language inference tasks and serves as a strong foundation for further clinical NLP applications.
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## Environmental Impact
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- **Hardware Type:** 7 NVIDIA A40 GPUs
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- **Hours used:** 1008 (GPU hours)
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- **Provider:** Private Infrastructure
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- **Carbon Emitted:** 108.86 kg CO2 eq.
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## Citation
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**BibTeX:**
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## More Information
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For further details, please refer to the model’s repository and supplementary documentation.
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## Model Card Contact
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For questions or further information, please contact [[email protected]].
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