 A Cape Colony-Ngqika defence treaty legally required military assistance to the Ngqika request (1818).The Xhosa prophet-chief Maqana Nxele (or Makana) emerged at this time and promised “to turn bullets into water.” Under the command of Mdushane, AmaNdlambe's son, Maqana led a 10,000 Xhosa force attack (22 April 1819) on Grahamstown, which was held by 350 troops.A Khoikhoi group led by Jan Boesak enabled the garrison to repulse Maqana, who suffered the loss of 1,000 Xhosa.