 from Washington University in St. Louis in 1934, his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1939, and went on to teach at Roosevelt University, the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1947–1957), Michigan State University (1957–1959), the University of Minnesota (1959–1962) and Carnegie Mellon University (1962–1971), where he also served as department chair.He later taught at Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo, Japan from 1984–1990 and Duke University from 1971–1984, and from 1991 until his death.He married Teruko Okuaki Bronfenbrenner and had two children.