 Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) through up-regulation of IL-11, stimulates collagen production and is important in wound healing.However dysregulation of TGFβ1 and downstream IL-11 is associated with fibrotic diseases hence inhibition of IL-11 may have utility in treating fibrosis.Furthermore, this cytokine has been found to promote recruitment of immune suppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts to tumors and facilitates chemoresistance.