 According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 28.32%, is water.Peaine Township is one of only seven municipalities in the state of Michigan to consist entirely of islands, including Grosse Ile Township, Drummond Township, Bois Blanc Township, Mackinac Island, St. James Township, and Sugar Island Township.The Ottawa and the Ojibwe people originally lived in the area.