 A substantial amount of downforce is available by understanding the ground to be part of the aerodynamic system in question, hence the name "ground effect".Starting in the mid-1960s, 'wings' were routinely used in the design of race cars to increase downforce (this is "not" a type of ground effect).Designers shifted their efforts at understanding air flow around the perimeter, body skirts, and undersides of the vehicle to increase downforce with less drag than compared to using a wing.