 There are 7 major valleys and 3 major rivers, the Parambikulam, the Sholayar and the Thekkedy.The Karappara river and Kuriarkutty river also drain the area.The tiger reserve has remnants of the Cochin State Forest Tramway, which was used to ship wood from the Parambikulam forests to the nearby harbor at Kochi, and from there to different locations of the world.