 In the 1960s, Irene Reed and others at the Alaska Native Language Center developed a modern writing system for the language.Their work led to the establishment of the state's first bilingual school programs in four Yupʼik villages in the early 1970s.Since then a wide variety of bilingual materials has been published, including Steven Jacobson's comprehensive dictionary of the language, his complete practical classroom grammar, and story collections and narratives by many others including a full novel by Anna Jacobson.