 Although "zoku" was applied to others in society, like senior citizens, salarymen, and political activists (e.g.Uyoku dantai), it was mostly used to label youth subcultures.Shintaro Ishihara's 1950s novel "Season of the Sun" gave rise to a reckless and carefree expression of youth which became stylised in subsequent films as "taiyo zoku" (sun tribe).