 Albania lacked a banking system, a railroad, a modern port, an efficient military, a university, or a modern printing press.The Albanians had Europe's highest birthrate and infant mortality rate, and life expectancy for men was about thirty-eight years.The American Red Cross opened schools and hospitals at Durrës and Tirana, and one Red Cross worker founded an Albanian chapter of the Boy Scouts that all boys between twelve and eighteen years old were subsequently required to join by law.