 Tyk2 deficiency has more dramatic effects in human cells than in mouse cells.However, in addition to IFN-α and -β and IL-12 signaling, Tyk2 has major effects on the transduction of IL-23, IL-10, and IL-6 signals.Since, IL-6 signals through the gp-130 receptor-chain that is common to a large family of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, IL-31, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin 1, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, and LIF, Tyk2 might also affect signaling through these cytokines.