 Its name was based on two earlier American socialist journals—The New International, published by Shachtman and his groups (the Workers Party, the Independent Socialist League) and the International Review, published in the 1930s by independent leftists who were critical of Bolshevism—among them "Integer", the pen name of Herman Gersom.The review struggled throughout its history to make ends meet, and never had more than 500 paying subscribers.It came out at best twice a year in the 1980s and folded just as the Stalinist regimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union were collapsing.