 Although the Kurdish-Turkish conflict has spread to many regions, most of the conflict has taken place in Northern Kurdistan, which corresponds with southeastern Turkey.The PKK's presence in Iraq's Kurdistan Region has resulted in the Turkish Armed Forces carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, and its influence in Rojava has led to similar activity there.The conflict has cost the economy of Turkey an estimated $300 to 450 billion, mostly military costs.