 All these Abbeys lay on or near the boundary negotiated between the Eastern and Western Frankish Kingdoms in the Treaty of Meerssen in 870, during a period when the Western Kingdom controlled much of Lotharingia.In Echternach, he was referred to as "Rainerus iunior" because the lay abbot before him, a probable relative, had the same name.His secular titles and activities are mainly only known from much later sources which are considered to be of uncertain reliability.