 Since humans first learned to make and handle tools, they have employed their talents to develop surgical techniques, each time more sophisticated than the last; however, until the industrial revolution, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy — bleeding, pain and infection.Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky "art" into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions.The first surgical techniques were developed to treat injuries and traumas.