 Muammar Gaddafi was ultimately overthrown and killed.Beginning around 2012, under the aegis of operation Timber Sycamore and other clandestine activities, CIA operatives and U.S. special operations troops trained and armed nearly 10,000 Syrian rebel fighters at a cost of $1 billion a year until it was phased out in 2017.2013–2014 saw the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) terror organization in the Middle East.