 Tonkin Affair

The Tonkin Affair, () named after the French protectorate of Tonkin, of March 1885 was a major French political crisis that erupted in the closing weeks of the Sino-French War-> It effectively destroyed the political career of the French prime minister, Jules Ferry, and abruptly ended the string of Republican governments inaugurated several years earlier by Léon Gambetta-> The suspicion by the French public and political classes that French troops were being sent to their deaths far from home for little measurable gain, both in Tonkin and elsewhere, also discredited French colonial expansion for nearly a decade.The "Affair"(as most French political scandals are still termed), was triggered on 28 March 1885 by the controversial Retreat from Lạng Sơn.