 The killings were committed by "Einsatzgruppe A", the Wehrmacht and Marines (in Liepāja), as well as by Latvian collaborators, including the 500–1,500 members of the infamous "Sonderkommando Arajs" (or "Arajs Kommando"), which alone killed around 26,000 Jews and the 2,000 or more Latvian members of the SD.By the end of 1941 almost the entire Jewish population had been exterminated.In addition, some 25,000 Jews were brought from Germany, Austria and the present-day Czech Republic, of whom around 20,000 were killed.