 The curriculum includes Hawaiian cultural practices such as gardening native plants and the foliage for lei; visiting historically significant sites; and the culturally-important practice of "hoʻokipa" (hospitality).Although classes are conducted in Hawaiian, they are functionally different from foreign-language immersion schools.Although early opponents suggested the Pūnana Leo schools would harm students' academic development, graduates from the schools have achieved several measures of academic success in later life.