 The symptoms of "M. perstans" may be confounded with those of other filarial infections, such as onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis and loiasis, because coinfection often occurs.A 36-year-old man was admitted to the outpatient clinic at the Goundi Missionary Hospital in the south of Chad in May 2001.He complained of visual impairment in the left eye, ocular and abdominal pruritus, and abdominal pain.