 Planning HVIDs wisely enables summarization (as shown at the leftmost edge device) and reduces the number of forwarding entries to a strict minimum; the network now scales to support millions of point-to-point services with minimum packet overhead (it can be noted that no encapsulation was used, frames were forwarded using HVID only).A further example (see diagram) shows HVLAN operation in the case of point-to-multipoint services (e.g.IPTV).