 Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through "resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance".The concept of resilience in ecological systems was first introduced by the Canadian ecologist C.S.Holling in order to describe the persistence of natural systems in the face of changes in ecosystem variables due to natural or anthropogenic causes.