 Oberweiler to a great extent shares its mediaeval history with all the villages in the "Eßweiler Tal", which in many respects form a unit.Besides Oberweiler itself, these were originally Hundheim (Neuenglan), Hachenbach, Nerzweiler, Aschbach, Horschbach, Hinzweiler, Elzweiler, Eßweiler and the now vanished villages of Letzweiler, Niederaschbach, Nörweiler, Mittelhofen, Zeizelbach, Füllhof, Neideck and Lanzweiler.It is certain that these villages lay within the free Imperial domain around the royal castle at Lautern (Kaiserslautern).