 The geographic distribution of the members allows much more effective worldwide coverage.This article does not replace the separate ECHELON Wikipedia article, but will complement it.Campbell cites Jeffrey Richelson as defining, in the 4th edition of "The American Intelligence Establishment", an "official" list of "third party" participants in ECHELON (or perhaps the UKUSA SIGINT alliance) as Norway, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.