 The domain attempted to remain neutral in the Boshin War, but after paying a fine of 20,000 ryō to the new Meiji government, was allowed to send its forces to participate in the campaign in the northern Japan against the remaining pro-Tokugawa forces of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, for which it received an increase in revenues to 70,000 "koku".After the end of the conflict, with the abolition of the han system in July 1871, Tatebayashi Domain became “Tatebayashi Prefecture”, which later became part of Gunma Prefecture.The domain had a population of 75,057 people in 15,868 households per a census in 1869.