 The attribution to van Cleve and his workshop of the various versions of the "Massacre of the Innocents" has been questioned on stylistic grounds, in particular on the basis of the fact that the more painterly handling of paint that is ascribed to van Cleve is missing in this body of work.Marten van Cleve collaborated with many prominent landscape painters, including Gillis van Coninxloo, Gillis Mostaert and Jacob Grimmer as well as his brother Hendrick for whom he painted the figures.Hendrick reciprocated and added to Marten's figure-pieces landscape backgrounds.