 The Shinpūren under the leadership of Otaguro Tomoo launched a surprise attack against the Imperial Japanese Army and Meiji government in Kumamoto, killing dozens of soldiers and Kumamoto Prefecture officials.The Shinpūren were defeated by the army the following morning, with most surviving rebels killing themselves by committing "seppuku" or arrested and executed by Meiji authorities.The Shinpūren rebellion was one of a number of ""shizoku" uprisings" which took place in Kyūshū and western Honshu during the early Meiji period.