 Next in the hierarchy were the "Orang Besar Berlapan" ('eight chiefs') and then "Orang Besar Enam Belas" ('sixteen chiefs') who were subordinated to their respective principal nobles.The lowest of this traditional hierarchy are the "Tok Empat" or village headmen who were subordinated to "Tok Mukim", who in turn subordinated to "Tok Penghulu", who in turn subordinated to one of the sixteen chiefs.In modern times, the "Tok Empat" became formally known as "Ketua Kampung" (literally 'village headman'), although continued to be referred as such informally.