 King Henry's (very real) enthusiasm for creating new bishoprics was, unfortunately, second to his passion for building fortifications; and when an apparent alliance of France and the Empire against England was agreed at Toledo in January 1539, this precipitated a major invasion scare.Even though, by midsummer, the immediate danger had passed; Henry still demanded from Cromwell unprecedented sums for the coastal defence works from St Michael's Mount to Lowestoft; and the scale of the proposed new foundations was drastically cut back.In the end, six abbeys were raised to be cathedrals of new dioceses; and only a further two major abbeys, Burton on Trent and Thornton, were refounded as non-cathedral colleges.