 In continental Europe, 26 flea species are recorded to infest stoats, including "Rhadinospylla pentacantha", "Megabothris rectangulatus", "Orchopeas howardi", "Spilopsyllus ciniculus", "Ctenophthalamus nobilis", "Dasypsyllus gallinulae", "Nosopsyllus fasciatus", "Leptospylla segnis", "Ceratophyllus gallinae", "Parapsyllus n. nestoris", "Amphipsylla kuznetzovi" and "Ctenopsyllus bidentatus".Tick species known to infest stoats are "Ixodes canisuga", "I. hexagonus", and "I. ricinus" and "Haemaphysalis longicornis".Louse species known to infest stoats include "Mysidea picae" and "Polyplax spinulosa".