 The chalcid wasps "Eurytoma rosae" and "Glyphomerus stigma" can attack both the larvae of "D. rosae" and of the inquiline "P. brandtii".These parasitoids may in turn be attacked by hyperparasitoids such as the chalcids "Caenacis inflexa" and "Pteromalus bedeguaris".The mossy and sticky filaments of the gall are clearly ineffective in preventing the entry of inquilines, predators, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.