 The large size of the emergence holes of the individual cells sometimes suggests predation by birds or small mammals has taken place.The bedeguar is a good example of a complex community of insects.The cynipid wasp "Periclistus brandtii" is an inquiline that lives harmlessly within the bedeguar gall and like "Diplolepis rosae" itself, is often parasitised by insects referred to as parasitoids or even by hyperparasitoids in some cases.