 Some outside observers and former members have described the groups practices as controversial.In Canada and the United States, some universities have restricted UBF's on-campus recruiting efforts, such as University of Winnipeg (1989), University of Manitoba (1991), and University of Illinois (1993) UBF is used as one of the case studies in the book "Churches That Abuse", published in 1991 by Ronald Enroth about Christian churches and organizations he perceives as "spiritually abusive" and the effects these groups can have on their members.Counter-cult researcher, Ruth Tucker, failed to endorse Enroth's book as she felt that his research tactics were flawed due to unfair allegations resulting from one-sided testimonials.