 While accepting that Modern Standard Hindi was itself a minority language, and had no superiority over others such as Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Punjabi, Malayalam, and Gujarati all of which had a longer history and greater body of literature, the commission still foresaw Hindi as eventually replacing English as the means by which every Indian state may participate in the Federal functions.The Education Commission of 1964–66 recommended a modified or graduated three-language formula.Following some debate, the original three-language formula was adopted by the India Parliament in 1968.