 The Latin American countries viewed as part of this ideological trend have been referred to as pink tide nations, with the term post-neoliberalism being used to describe the movement as well.Some pink tide governments such as those of Brazil and Venezuela have been varyingly characterized as being anti-American, populist and authoritarian-leaning.The pink tide was followed by the conservative wave, a political phenomenon that emerged in the mid-2010s in South America as a direct reaction to the pink tide.