 Between January 2011 and December 2012, a total of 153 insurgency related incidents took place in Samar, resulting in 21 deaths and 55 injuries.Prior to Ferdinand Marcos' September 23, 1972 announcement of Martial Law, the NPA did not have a presence in Mindanao, which was also only seeing the beginnings of the Moro separatist conflict in the form of clashes between the Ilaga and Blackshirt ethnic militias.Marcos' enformcement of martial law radicalized this situation until, as peace advocate Gus Miclat notes