 Jülich (1981) also separated out the rusts and smuts, but recognized the remaining Auriculariales as an independent order, placing within them the families Auriculariaceae, Cystobasidiaceae, Paraphelariaceae, Saccoblastiaceae, Ecchynaceae, Hoehnelomycetaceae, and Patouillardinaceae.A radical revision was undertaken in 1984, when Canadian mycologist Robert Bandoni used transmission electron microscopy to investigate the ultrastructure of the septal pore apparatus in the Auriculariales.This revealed that species of fungi with "auricularioid" basidia were not necessarily closely related and that "Auricularia" had more in common with "Exidia" and its allies (with "tremelloid" basidia), than with other auricularioid fungi.