 European vigilante groups are reported to have subsequently carried out summary killings of Muslims.A defeat in military terms, the Battle of Philippeville was politically a great victory for the FLN as the operation achieved its purpose, namely in the words of the French historian C.R Ageron it "provoked the desired split between Muslims and Europeans...the latter regarding all Muslims as rebels while the Muslims came to regard...the ALN as "Mujahadin" [The term "Mujahideen" or "mujahadin" in the Algerian dialect of Arabic means "warriors of Allah", describing those who in fight in "jihad"].In 1959, in a survey of literature written about the Algerian War from 1954 to the present entitled "A Survey of French North-West Africa", the British journalist Neville Barbour described a "moat of blood" created at Philippeville that made any sort of understanding between the Muslim and "pied-noir" communities almost impossible.