 The most common fuel electrode material is a Ni doped YSZ, however, high steam partial pressures and low hydrogen partial pressures at the Ni-YSZ interface caused oxidation of the nickel and lead to irreversible degradation.Perovskite-type lanthanum strontium manganese (LSM) is also commonly used as a cathode material.Recent studies have found that doping LSM with scandium to form LSMS promotes mobility of oxide ions in the cathode, increasing reduction kinetics at the interface with the electrolyte and thus leading to higher performance at low temperatures than traditional LSM cells.