"The study, completed in early 1955 by Siegel, was published the next year with the title “Film-Mediated Fantasy Aggression and Strength of Aggressive Drive.”

"Ace in the Hole" was characterized as an example of extreme cartoon violence.Siegel wrote, "Raw aggression and unrelenting hostility dominate almost every scene of this, the E film.” The children in the study were given the choice of toys to play with including benign objects such as a clay, but also, two rubber knives.