 The Chicago Society of Etchers ceased operations in 1956, leaving California Society of Printmakers as the longest lived printmakers' society in the U.S.The California Society of Etchers (CSE) was founded in San Francisco in December 1912 and announced in the "San Francisco Chronicle" on January 19, 1913 ("Etchers Form a State Organization", p. 27).Several sources cite an earlier 1911 date, such Marilyn S. Kushner's detailed chapter, "Genesis of the Twentieth-Century Print Club", although she does not cite her source.