 This is believed the first publication which dealt with the normal cardiac structure and the changes seen in ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis (Doby, 1976).A year later they pioneered the method of retrograde injection of dye (Perabrodil) into the aorta which was mainly used to diagnose patent ductus arteriosus (Castellanos and Pereira, 1938).Castellanos expanded his work on angiocardiography to include the study of the various congenital malformations of the heart.