 In July 2018, one of Ireland's leading tax economists forecasted a "boom" in the use of the Irish CAIA BEPS tool as US multinationals close existing Double Irish BEPS schemes before the 2020 deadline.Under OECD rules, corporations with intellectual property ("IP"), which are mostly technology and life sciences firms, can turn this into an intangible asset ("IA") on their balance sheet, and charge it out as a tax-deductible royalty payment to end-customers.Without such IP, if Microsoft charged a German end-customer, say $100, for "Microsoft Office", a profit of circa $95 (as the cost of Microsoft selling copies of "Microsoft Office" is small) would be realised in Germany, and German tax payable.