 The first human Organ Chip, a human Lung Chip, was reported in Science in 2010.Created using microchip manufacturing methods, the Lung Chip is a complex three-dimensional model of a breathing lung that incorporates living human lung alveolar epithelial cells interfaced with endothelial cells within microfluidic channels cast in silicone rubber, which recapitulate structure and function of the tissue-vasculature interface of lung alveolus (air sacs).In 2012, Ingber and his team demonstrated in a study in "Science Translational Medicine" the ability to mimic a complex human disease on the Lung Chip — specifically pulmonary edema, known commonly as “fluid on the lungs” — and to identify new therapeutics using this model.