 Additionally, Professor John Deighton, an expert in interactive marketing, testified that due to novel structure of the internet, a "conjoined" model has emerged that is "a combination of publisher and marketplace".As a result, he argues there is an expectation that websites will present users with an experience to users reads like a publication, with an expectation of competition.Finally, he testified that a preliminary injunction, if granted, would have "some short-term immediate impacts and some chilling long-term impacts".