 Under the "causa" theory, for the contract to be binding it had to have a "iusta causa", or lawful motive in line with Christian moral imperatives, arising not only from a lawful or just right, title, or cause of action, but also from love and affection, moral consideration, or past services.A "nudum pactum" was redefined as any agreement unenforceable for lack of "causa".All of these principles were applied uniformly through European ecclesiastical courts.