 In the White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company, the court defined the "copy" as a "material object in which a work is fixed and from which the work can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device.Further, in the Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc., the court held that the law does not require work to be written down in the exact way that it is perceived by the human senses (eyes).According to William Patry, fixation in the United States is intended to serve two purposes.