 To account for case never being marked for incorporated direct objects and clause-initial foci, and sometimes being marked for unincorporated direct objects, it has been posited by Fery and Isihara (2016) and Krifka and Musan (2012), among others, that Tuparí has a givenness or topicality condition, notably that case marking does not appear when the object is introduced, but does appear on later mentions of that object throughout the discourse.This accounts for the ban of suffixes on focal clause-initial NPs, as well as the variability as to whether unincorporated objects will bear case marking.This also highlights that nuclear case is sensitive to information structural considerations, due to these notions of focus, givenness and topicality.