 The Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Pine Bank Covered Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which, of it is land and 0.04% is water.Jefferson Township has five borders, including the townships of Hanover to the north, Smith to the northeast, Cross Creek from the east to south-southeast, and Independence to the south and Brooke County, West Virginia to the west.