 Focusing on the Montenegrin nobility of the late 19th century surrounding the then recent secularisation of the principality under Danilo II and his court, excluding the older traditional clan nobility.Historically the hereditary Metropolitans or Prince-Bishops of Montenegro (theocratic rulers) had created nobles.Petar II Petrović-Njegoš issued a decree creating Prince Alexander Karađorđević (later Alexander I, Prince of Serbia between 1842-1858), the younger son of Karađorđe, as "Vojvoda" (Duke).