 He received a B.Sc.degree from the University of Wales in 1943, and a PhD degree in theoretical physics from Oriel College, University of Oxford, in 1948.In 1948, he joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey, and remained there until, in 1960. he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of California, San Diego; he transferred to Emeritus status in 1991.