 Bâh’ Sham’iyyah was a school of Mu'tazili thought, rivaling the school of Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, based primarily on the earlier teaching of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i, the son of Abu 'Ali Muhammad al-Jubba'i.The groups that were seceded from Ali's army in the end of the Arbitration Incident constituted the branch of "Muhakkima" ().They mainly divided into two major sects called as Kharijites and Ibadis.