 "The software companies had their chance", said Vupen-founder Chaouki Bekrar according to the article, "now it's too late".On 15 September 2013, it was revealed that the NSA was a client of Vupen and had a subscription to its exploit service.On 9 November 2014, the German magazine "Der Spiegel" reported that the German information security agency BSI, tasked with the protection of federal government networks, was also a client of Vupen.