 Despite these usages, the students’ loudspeakers were low powered, and easily drowned out by government speakers.The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), however, stated that the students in general installed the loudspeakers illegally, and that a small minority utilized them to attack Party and state leaders, disseminate counterrevolutionary propaganda, and promote overthrowing the CCP.In order to fulfill its defence mandate, the Headquarters established a system of pickets (road blockades) and student marshals to control the streets surrounding the square.