 It has been applied in English trusts law which has long held a "cy-près doctrine", expressed in pre 1649-Law French meaning "there nearly" that is perfecting concepts or a purpose for funds which is tantamount to a legitimate interest or concern and intended to take clear effect.The law of planning permissions, integral to urban planning, sits at the crossroads of land law and public law.Specifically it combines the laws enabling and interpreting development and commercial interests with public interest laws such as in social welfare, food resource sustainability, quality/aesthetic consistency of housing and pollution mitigation.