 According to McCauley, Gorbachev "set reforms in motion without understanding where they could lead.Never in his worst nightmare could he have imagined that perestroika would lead to the destruction of the Soviet Union".In 1988, India awarded Gorbachev the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development; in 1990 he was given the Nobel Peace Prize for "his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community".