 LISP, standing for list processor, was created by John McCarthy in 1958 while he was at MIT and in 1960 he published its design in a paper in the Communications of the ACM, entitled "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I".One of LISP's major data structures is the linked list.By the early 1960s, the utility of both linked lists and languages which use these structures as their primary data representation was well established.