 Conservative social policies were promoted to enhance social discipline and boost population growth; this included a focus on strong family units and motherhood, the re-criminalisation of homosexuality, restrictions placed on abortion and divorce, and the abolition of the "Zhenotdel" women's department.Stalin desired a "cultural revolution", entailing both the creation of a culture for the "masses" and the wider dissemination of previously elite culture.He oversaw the proliferation of schools, newspapers, and libraries, as well as the advancement of literacy and numeracy.