 Shah Orodes II, overwhelmed by the grief of his son's death, appointed his younger son Phraates IV as his successor.However, Phraates IV assassinated Orodes II in late 38 BC, succeeding him on the throne.Ventidius feared Antony's wrath if he invaded Parthian territory, thereby stealing his glory; so instead he attacked and subdued the eastern kingdoms, which had revolted against Roman control following the disastrous defeat of Crassus at Carrhae.