 In the late 1580s, the first Sephardi Jews arrived—fleeing from Portugal—and built a Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg.In 1610, official lists of the senate counted about 100 Jewish families.Lutheran theologians preached against them, especially the ""schools of Satan""—meaning the synagogues—and in 1611 the senate had to ask the Lutheran theological faculties of Jena and Frankfort for their opinions.