 Apnea of prematurity can be readily identified from other forms of infant apnea such as obstructive apnea, hypoventilation syndromes, breathing regulation issues during feeding, and reflux associated apnea with an infant pneumogram or infant apnea/sleep study.Methylxanthines (theophylline and caffeine) have been used for almost three decades to treat apnea of prematurity.Despite this prevalent use, there are concerns of long term negative effects from the use of caffeine.