 Caffeine and theophylline have similar short-term effects on apnea, but theophylline is associated with higher rates of toxicity.Simple tactile stimulation by touching the skin or patting the infant may stop an apneic episode by raising the infant's level of alertness.Increasing the environmental oxygen level by placing the infant in a tent or hood with supplemental oxygen can diminish the frequency of AOP, and may also help the infant maintain adequate oxygenation during short episodes of apnea.