 He was awarded Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 1974.He served as Planning Adviser Food Department (1945–46), Food and Economic Adviser, Government of India at Washington (1946–47); Director, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi (1948–57); Vice Chancellor, University of Delhi (1957–60); Director, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi (1960–63); Member, Planning Commission (1963–66); Union Cabinet Minister for Transport and Shipping (1967–69); Union Cabinet Minister for Education & Youth Services (1969–71); Director, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore (1972–77); National Professor, Government of India (1985-1990).Notable among the learned bodies and conferences with which he was associated are