 The "Liexian Zhuan" follows the "liezhuan" biographical format of traditional Chinese historiography, which was established by Sima Qian in his c. 94 BCE "Shiji" ("Records of the Grand Historian").Many later texts adopted the "liezhuan" format, for example, the Daoist "Shenxian zhuan" and the Buddhist "Gaoseng zhuan" (Memoirs of Eminent Monks) (Campany 1996