 In this interpretation, dark earth would consist of urban deposits of smoke-impregnated thatch, decayed weeds, timber, and earth floors, reworked and homogenized by worm action, or by agricultural activities, such as ploughing, which mixed building materials from the abandoned Roman cities with material deposited later.In Sweden, dark earth covering has been found in Uppåkra, in Scania, southern Sweden, where a city-like settlement existed from about the year 1 until 1000 C.E.when the settlement shifted to modern day Lund.