 The "riyong leishu" (encyclopedias for daily use), containing practical information for people who were literate but below the Confucian elite, were also compiled in the later imperial era.Today, they provide scholars with valuable information on non-elite culture and attitudes.According to Jean-Pierre Diény, the Jiaqing reign (1796–1820) of the Qing dynasty saw the end of the publication of "leishu".