 Gang activity occurs in areas of poor lighting, high unemployment levels, substance abuse and crowded spatial development.Gang members are well-known members of the community, and while feared, may also receive praise from the community, as they may support poor families who cannot otherwise pay their rent.Outside the Cape Flats area, gangs are also active along drug routes in northern Port Elizabeth, while gangster violence erupted in Westbury in Johannesburg, and in Phoenix in Durban during 2018 and 2019 respectively.