 In melanoma cells and normal melanocytes, ARSB silencing increased invasiveness and expression of CSPG4 and MMP2, known markers of melanoma progression.CSPG4 expression was mediated by reduced binding of galectin-3 to C4S, while MMP2 expression was mediated by increased binding of SHP2 to C4S.Reduced sulfate availability due to impaired activity of ARSB has been linked to increased aerobic glycolysis, as shown by an increase in NADH and NADPH, reduced oxygen consumption, increased extracellular acidification and serum lactate, and a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential in ARSB-silenced cells and ARSB-null mouse tissues.