 Rudolf established his residence at the Vienna Hofburg Palace and in 1358/59 he had the "Privilegium Maius" forged to elevate himself to a privileged 'archduke' of the Empire.The following two centuries were turbulent for the duchy.Under Habsburg rule, several inquisitorial persecutions against Waldensians were carried out, notably by the cleric Petrus Zwicker in the late 14th century.