 In Nyasaland, he began working at a family butchery and continued his political activities, including in opposition to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.In 1957, he participated on behalf of the Nyasaland African Congress in constitutional discussions with the colonial administration.In 1957 and 1958, he lived in Birmingham, England and attended Fircroft College, where he studied economics, sociology, and political science, with a focus on the economics of developing countries.