 Oshii first experimented this flat 3D technique in his 2001 live-action feature "Avalon" as a visual effect for explosions in Ash's game, then he developed it, the following years, in both the "MiniPato" short films and PlayStation Portable game.Characters have a tiny body and an oversized head which makes them look funny.They are animated like paper dolls (ペープサート人形, "papsart ningyou") and are evolving in a pictures based environment in the likes of the JibJab Brothers' (Gregg and Evan Spiridellis) musical comedy cartoons, e.g.