 Further developments in the 18th century saw permanent enclosures with animals being fenced-in, keeping them off the crops, and property boundaries being created by the planting of hedges and the digging of ditches, contributing to organized and cooperative farming methods.The 18th century also saw the emergence of new perceptions of marshland, long considered as unhealthy places in which to live.Administrative authorities encouraged action to recover the peat marshes by drainage work and the planting of more trees.