 Research applications of GNSS-R are found in


GNSS reflectometry is passive sensing that takes advantage of and relies on separate active sources - the satellites generating the navigation signals.For this, the GNSS receiver measures the signal delay from the satellite (the pseudorange measurement) and the rate of change of the range between satellite and observer (the Doppler measurement).The surface area of the reflected GNSS signal also provides the two parameters time delay and frequency change.