 "coli" Dam methylase was able to bind non-GATC DNA with the same sequence of motifs discussed; the authors posit that the obtained structure could serve as grounds for repression of transcription that is not methylation based.Dam methylase is an orphan methyltransferase that is not part of a restriction-modification system but operates independently to regulate gene expression, mismatch repair, and bacterial replication amongst many other functions.This is not the only example of an orphan methyltransferase as there exists the Cell cycle regulated Methyltransferase (CcrM) which methylates 5'-GANTC-'3 hemi-methylated DNA to control the life cycle of "Caulobacter crescentus" and other related species.