 In the 12th century, Quadrivium has been destroyed by Frederick Barbarossa.Consequentially rebuilt as a fortify town, Quadrivium was renamed "Castrum Novum" (which means New Castle), and the name has remained unchanged with the Italian version Castelnuovo.During the centuries, Castelnuovo passed under different political controls, from the Lord of Verona (Signoria degli Scaligeri), the Lord of Milano (Signoria dei Visconti), the Venetian Republic, the Austrian empire (see the next chapter for the "Castelnuovo massacre"), and eventually becoming part of the Regno d'Italia with the third Italian independence war and the consequential Armistice of Cormons, in the 1866.