 A reason scholars cite for this difference is Japan's spiritual foundation of animism in Shintoism and Buddhism, where animate and inanimate objects have spirits.Within Classic Ethology, Darwin’s anecdotal and anthropomorphic approach was modified by European researchers.Classical Ethologists, Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989) and Niko Tinbergen (1907-1988), undertook a return to Darwin’s evolutionary theory and natural history with a reliance on more meticulous anecdotal and anthropomorphic methodologies.