 The insect concerned ("Andricus quercuscalicis") came from the continent to Devon via the Channel Islands.Large numbers of knopper galls were sent from Woodway for research purposes in the late 1970s when the infestation first struck (Griffith 2006).A feature of the old hedge forming a boundary by the garage was the pennywort ("Umbilicus rupestris") a typical plant of Devon country lanes.