 Montessori published a number of books, articles, and pamphlets during her lifetime, often in Italian, but sometimes first in English.According to Kramer, "the major works published before 1920 ("The Montessori Method", "Pedagogical Anthropology", "The Advanced Montessori Method—Spontaneous Activity in Education and The Montessori Elementary Material"), were written in Italian by her and translated under her supervision.