 Since then, the cities of Iga, Takarazuka, Naha, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Osaka, Nakano, Ōizumi, Chiba, Edogawa, Fuchū, Hirakata, Kumamoto, Odawara, Sakai, Sōja, Toshima, Yokosuka, Kanuma, Miyazaki, Kitakyushu, Nishio, Nagasaki, Sanda, Katano, Yokohama, Daitō, Kamakura, Mitoyo, Amagasaki, Bunkyō, Hamamatsu, Kijō, Koga, Minato, Nara, Niigata, Sagamihara, Saitama, Takamatsu, Tokushima, Yamatokōriyama, Zushi, Kawagoe, Toyoake, Itami and Ashiya have begun issuing partnership certificates to same-sex couples, as have Ibaraki and Osaka prefectures.Same-sex couples are not allowed to legally adopt in Japan.Lesbian couples and single women are unable to access IVF and artificial insemination.