 As of March 31, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 478,491, with 216,853 households and a population density of 950 persons per km2.The total area of the city is 502.39 km2.The city is bordered by City of Beppu to the northwest, City of Yufu to the west, City of Taketa to the southwest, City of Bungo-ōno to the south, and City of Usuki to the southeast.