 Rather than fight the French, the Dutch withdrew from Belgium without achieving their objectives.In November 1832, the French besieged and captured Antwerp, the last Dutch stronghold in Belgium, effectively ending the military confrontation between the Dutch and Belgians.In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, the 1815 Congress of Vienna merged the former Austrian Netherlands and Liège (modern Belgium and Luxembourg) with the Dutch Republic to create the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.