 The term Scapigliatura was derived from the novel "La Scapigliatura e il 6 Febbraio" by Cletto Arrighi, pen-name of Carlo Righetti (1830–1906), who was one of the forerunners of the movement.The main Italian inspiration of the Scapigliati was the writer and journalist Giuseppe Rovani (1818–1874), author of the novel "Cento Anni" and the influential aesthetic theories of his essays "Le Tre Arti", an anti-conformist and charismatic figure on the fringes of the literary world of Milan, the city where the movement first developed through literary 'cenacles' which met in taverns and cafes.It attracted attention and scandalized the more conservative and Catholic circles of Italy with many pamphlets, journals and magazines like Arrighi's "Cronaca Grigia", Antonio Ghislanzoni's "Rivista Minima", Cesare Tronconi's "Lo Scapigliato" and Felice Cavallotti and Achille Bizzoni's "Gazzettino Rosa", which challenged the status quo artistically, socially and politically.