 Artillery, on April 6, 1835, and colonel and Inspector General on June 25, 1841.He received the rank of brevet brigadier general, to date from February 23, 1847, in recognition of his services under General John E. Wool, at the Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican–American War.At the beginning of the American Civil War, he had been Inspector General of the Regular Army for 20 years.