 It premiered in Germany at Berlin's Neues Operettenhaus on 23 December 1909 and in Hungary a month later as "Luxemburg grófja" with the libretto translated into Hungarian and adapted by Andor Gábor.When performed outside German-speaking countries the operetta was almost invariably performed in translation, often with the libretto significantly adapted to local theatrical tastes.It was first performed in Italy as "Il conte di Lussemburgo" at the Teatro Vittorio Emanuele in Turin in 1910, and in France as "Le comte de Luxembourg" (in a translation by Robert de Flers and Gaston de Caillavet) at the Théâtre Apollo in 1912.