 (76 b) is in size like "virgaureae", but the upperside of the male is as in "estonica"; beneath the more reddish disc of the forewing contrasts with the more yellow hindwing and the white discal stripe of the latter is absent or reduced; from northern Central Asia, Dauria, Mongolia, and as similar aberration in the Swiss Alps.— males from the Apennines, in which the upperside is deeper red-golden and the base of the hindwing more densely dusted with dark, are "apennina" Calb.The females the contrary have the ground-colour paler and are less dusted with dark than many Central European specimens, the underside being hghter.