 A definitive subspecific classification as "Elephas maximus borneensis" awaits a detailed range-wide morphometric and genetic study.Since 1986, "Elephas maximus" has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List as the population has declined by at least 50% over the last three generations, estimated to be 60–75 years.The species is pre-eminently threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation.