 In 1957 the expert cryptographers William and Elizebeth Friedman published "The Shakespearean ciphers examined", a study of all the proposed ciphers identified by Baconians (and others) up to that point.The Friedmans had worked with Gallup.They showed that the method is unlikely to have been employed by the author of Shakespeare's works, concluding that none of the ciphers claimed to exist by Baconians were valid.