 Out of those 221 genera, they placed 201 of them into seven infrafamilial taxa of Acanthaceae, leaving only 20 unplaced.In the current understanding of Acanthaceae, Acanthaceae s.s. includes only those clades with retinaculate fruits (that is, , , , Whitfieldeae, , and Justiceae), while Acanthaceae s.l.includes those clades as well as Thunbergioideae, Nelsonioideae, and "Avicennia."