 A body treated as a lumped capacitance object, with a total internal energy of formula_10 (in joules), is characterized by a single uniform internal temperature, formula_11.The heat capacitance, formula_12, of the body is formula_13 (in J/K), for the case of an incompressible material.The internal energy may be written in terms of the temperature of the body, the heat capacitance (taken to be independent of temperature), and a reference temperature at which the internal energy is zero