 Italian Jesuit philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer Mario Bettini wrote about making a camera obscura with twelve holes in his "Apiaria universae philosophiae mathematicae" (1642).When a foot soldier would stand in front of the camera, a twelve-person army of soldiers making the same movements would be projected.French mathematician, Minim friar, and painter of anamorphic art Jean-François Nicéron (1613–1646) wrote about the camera obscura with convex lenses.