 Macmillan saw himself as both a "gownsman" and a "swordsman" and would later display open contempt for other politicians (e.g.Rab Butler, Hugh Gaitskell, Harold Wilson) who, often through no fault of their own, had not seen military service in either World War.Of the 28 students who started at Balliol with Macmillan, only he and one other survived the war.