 Lewis's intention was to motivate Plaid Cymru into more direct action promoting the language; however it led to the formation of "Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg" ("Welsh Language Society") later that year at a Plaid Cymru summer school held in Pontardawe in Glamorgan.The foundation of ' allowed Plaid Cymru to focus on electoral politics, while the Cymdeithas focused on promoting the language.Lewis's radio speech was in response to the 1961 census, which showed a decrease in the percentage of Welsh speakers from 36% in 1931 to 26%, of the population of about 2.5 million.