 From the beginning of the 18th century, craftsmen and opticians would make camera obscura devices in the shape of books, which were much appreciated by lovers of optical devices.One chapter in the Conte Algarotti's "Saggio sopra Pittura" (1764) is dedicated to the use of a camera ottica ("optic chamber") in painting.By the 18th century, following developments by Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke, more easily portable models in boxes became available.