 In 1625 Portuguese priest Serafim de Freitas published the book "De Iusto Imperio Lusitanorum Asiatico" (Of the just Portuguese Asian Empire) addressing step by step the arguments of the Dutch.Despite his arguments, the international situation demanded an end to the "Mare clausum" policy, and freedom of the seas as an essential condition for the development of maritime trade.England, competing fiercely with the Dutch for domination of world trade, opposed Grotius' ideas and claimed sovereignty over the waters around the British Isles.