 According to those who use the term, "Co-Redemptrix" refers to a subordinate but essential participation by the Blessed Virgin Mary in redemption, notably that she gave free consent to give life to the Redeemer, which meant sharing his life, suffering, and death, which were redemptive for the world.Related to this belief is the concept of Mary as Mediatrix, which is a separate concept but regularly included by Catholics who use the title "Co-Redemptrix".The concept was especially common in the late Middle Ages, when it was promoted heavily among the Franciscans, and often resisted by the Dominicans.