 Health problems from his time in the Army forced a transfer to Spokane, Washington, in 1960, where he could get appropriate care at a Veterans' Administration hospital.Never having used his GI bill education benefits, the opportunity to formally study journalism at Whitworth College near Spokane arose and he took full advantage of it.He graduated in June, 1965, with a BS degree in journalism and secondary education., and followed this with a master's degree in library science (research) from the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon which he gained in 1968.