 Regurgitating of food by the females for the young, as well as care for the young by the males, has been observed in domestic dogs, dingos and in feral or semi-feral dogs.In one study of a group of free-ranging dogs, for the first 2 weeks immediately after parturition the lactating females were observed to be more aggressive to protect the pups.The male parents were in contact with the litters as ‘guard’ dogs for the first 6–8 weeks of the litters’ life.