 During the early 660s, the Chaghan Khudah, named Turantash, sent an envoy under his chancellor Pukarzate to Varkhuman, the Sogdian king of Samarkand.Under the leadership of Ziyad ibn Abihi, the Umayyad viceroy of the eastern Caliphate, the Arab raids into Central Asia became more organized and his lieutenant governor of Khurasan, al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari, crossed the Oxus and raided Chaghaniyan in 667.His successor Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi also launched an expedition into the region.