 Many Masalit intellectuals and notables were arrested, imprisoned, and tortured in the towns as government-supported Arab militias began to attack Masalit villages; a number of Arab chiefs and civilians were also killed in these clashes.In 2000, a clandestine group consisting mostly of Darfuris published the "", a dissident manuscript detailing the domination of the north and the impoverishment of the other regions.It was widely discussed, despite attempts to censor it, and many of the writers went on to help found the rebel Justice and Equality Movement.