 142–152, renumbered as arts.147–157
by the Ley 5/1998), which provides for their authorisation by the Ministry of Culture.The largest such copyright management society is the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE), 
which was established by law in 1941 as the "Sociedad General de Autores de España" and which had a "de facto" monopoly on the collective management of copyright royalties before the passage of the 1987 Intellectual Property Law.