 The term naqqāra (نقاره), also نقارات "naqqarat", "naqqarah", "naqqåre", "nakkare", "nagora" comes from the Arabic verb "naqr-" that means "to strike, beat".The instrument was also adopted in Europe following the Crusades, and known as the naccaire or naker.The rounded section of a naqqara is made of baked clay, while the flat side consists of treated skin fastened around the rim with string which is tightened over the back of the bowl.