 The construction and development of the Gare du Nord, immediately to the south of the Goutte d'Or, led to a significant increase in the neighbourhood's population, thus generating a need for a new church.Construction of this church – the future Saint-Bernard-de-la-Chapelle – began in 1858 and was completed in 1861, by which time the Goutte d'Or neighbourhood was part of the 18th arrondissement of Paris, following the incorporation of a number of "communes" (including La Chapelle) into an expanded city of Paris.In September 1996, the church was the scene of an expulsion by the police of illegal immigrants who had taken refuge there.