 In "AD&D" 1st edition, the lich appears in the first edition "Monster Manual" (1977), where it is described as having been created with the use of powerful and arcane magic, formerly ultra powerful magic-users now non-human and non-living.Len Lakofka's article "Blueprint For a Lich," in "Dragon" #26 (1979), describes a formula for transforming a spellcaster into a lich.Another form of lich, the demilich, was introduced in "Tomb of Horrors" (1978) and later appeared in "The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth" (1982) and then "Monster Manual II" (1983).