 He returned to Georgia in 1910, but he was arrested on November 2 and relocated to Rostov-on-Don.He was the head of the Georgian exile colony in Rostov.In 1913 he worked for a few months in the Social-Democratic faction of the State Duma in Petrograd, then returned to Georgia illegally and headed the illegal party press - first in Kutaisi and then in Tbilisi.