 The results indicate some breeding between modern humans ("Homo sapiens") and Neanderthals ("Homo neanderthalensis"), as the genomes of non-African humans have 1–4% more in common with Neanderthals than do the genomes of subsaharan Africans.Neanderthals and most modern humans share a lactose-intolerant variant of the lactase gene that encodes an enzyme that is unable to break down lactose in milk after weaning.Modern humans and Neanderthals also share the FOXP2 gene variant associated with brain development and with speech in modern humans, indicating that Neanderthals may have been able to speak.