 The word "kebab" alone was already present in English by the late 17th century, from the ("kabāb"), partly through Urdu, Persian and Turkish.Etymologist Sevan Nişanyan states that the word has the equivalent meaning of "frying/burning" with "kabābu" in the old Akkadian language, and "kbabā/כבבא" in Aramaic.The oldest known example of , probably originally meaning a pointed stick, comes from the 11th-century "Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk", attributed to Mahmud of Kashgar.