 This drug is now listed as a core medication for the treatment of leishmaniasis under the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.Several medical agents have some efficacy against visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis, however, a 2005 survey concluded that miltefosine is the only effective oral treatment for both forms of leishmaniasis.Miltefosine has been used successfully in some cases of the very rare, but highly lethal, brain infection by the amoeba, "Naegleria fowleri", acquired through water entering the nose during a plunge in contaminated water.