 The theory proposes that this adaptation gave bands of humans the ability to repel predators and scavenge their kills in the African savanna.It was later adapted as threat projection towards free-riding conspecifics (cheaters) in non-kin cooperative groups
that made the cooperation evolutionarily stable against cheaters who, without coercion by this threat, would otherwise flourish and displace co-operators.The theory further generalizes to a theory of history, claiming to account for many salient events of the two-million-year course of the human lineage—from the evolution of the genus "Homo" to the inception of behavioral modernity to the neolithic revolution to the rise of the nation-state (Bingham, 1999 and 2000).