 There have been several attempts to implement front steering and suspension without using anything that could be described as a "fork".Examples include hub-center steering, used as early as 1920 on the Ner-a-Car, and implemented in the 1990s on the Bimota Tesi and the Yamaha GTS1000

A single-sided girder "fork" was used by the German firm Imme between 1949 and 1951.Mead & Tomkinson Racing competed in endurance racing in the 1970s with "Nessie," a Laverda-based racing motorcycle with hub-centre steering.