 "Problem-focused coping" refers to one's ability to take action and to change a situation to make it more congruent with one's goals (Smith & Kirby, 2009).Thus, a person's belief about their ability to perform problem-focused coping influences the emotions they experience in the situation.On the other hand, "emotion-focused coping" refers to one's ability to handle or adjust to the situation should the circumstances remain inconsistent with one's goals (Smith & Kirby, 2009).