 Card readers and even some (fingerprint) biometric devices that require contact are expected to be largely replaced by contactless facial recognition, palm geometery, iris scan, and advanced handwave readers.Smartphone credentials that use wifi, cellular, and bluetooth technology are gaining interest for this purpose as well.Besides the obvious hygiene benefits of such new credentialing, security is also enhanced in the biometric case by the inability for biometrics to be stolen or shared between individuals.