 It is widely used in the context of corporate training and education in relation to return on investment (ROI), or return on learning (ROL).It is also widely used when referring to science education, in relation to citizen science, or informal science education.The conflated meaning of informal and non-formal learning explicates mechanisms of learning that organically occur outside the realm of traditional instructor-led programs, e.g., reading self-selected books, participating in self-study programs, navigating performance support materials and systems, incidental skills practice, receptivity of coaching or mentoring, seeking advice from peers, or participation in communities of practice, to name a few.